Personal Injury

Published on: March 24, 2025

What is Considered a Catastrophic Injury in Florida – and Why It Matters in Personal Injury Cases

catastrophic injury Cape Coral injury lawyer When an accident results in a severe, life-altering injury, it may be classified as a “catastrophic injury” under Florida law. Our Cape Coral injury attorneys don’t simply use the term as hyperbole. It’s a term reserved for the type of injuries that will have profound physical, emotional, and financial consequences, often requiring long-term medical care, rehabilitation, and permanent lifestyle changes. The distinction matters because it can have an impact the amount of compensation that may be available in a personal injury case as well as how various parties proceed in handling it.

Defining Catastrophic Injury Under Florida Law

Although Florida doesn’t have a single, universal definition for catastrophic injury, it’s generally accepted to mean a permanent, debilitating injury that will require extensive medical treatment. Courts and insurance companies often consider an injury catastrophic when it prevents a person from working, performing daily activities, or living independently.

Per F.S. 766.118, catastrophic injuries in medical malpractice cases are recognized for purposes of non-economic damage caps. In general, non-economic damages (compensation for non-tangible impacts like pain and suffering) are capped at $500,000 per plaintiff for practitioner defendants (nurses, doctors, etc.) and $750,000 for non-practitioner defendants (hospitals, healthcare companies, etc.). The exception is if an individual’s injuries are deemed catastrophic.

Similarly, F.S. 627.737 sets a serious injury threshold for injuries in car accident cases. When a crash victim’s injuries meet the criteria for being “serious,” as outlined in statute, they can step outside of Florida’s no-fault auto insurance system and pursue damages over and above that. “Serious” in these cases means a significant and permanent loss of an important bodily function, permanent injury within a reasonable degree of medical probability, significant and permanent scarring or disfigurement, or death. Catastrophic injuries will pretty much always meet or exceed this threshold. That allows the injured person to pursue more monetary compensation for medical expenses, lost wages and reduced earning capacity, pain and suffering, loss of life enjoyment, and emotional distress (among other damages).

What Injuries are Considered Catastrophic in a Cape Coral Injury Case?

F.S. 766.118 details some specific kinds of injuries that are automatically considered catastrophic in Florida medical malpractice cases, but it’s not necessarily limited to that list in other types of cases. Among the conditions cited:

Spinal cord injuries resulting in severe paralysis of an arm, leg, or trunk
Amputation of an arm, hand, foot or leg
Severe brain injury or closed-head injury, as characterized by severe sensory motor disturbances, communication disturbances, cerebral function impairment, episodic neurological disorders, etc.
Second-degree or third-degree burns on 25 percent or more of the total body surface or third-degree burns on 5 percent or more to the hands and face
Blindness
Loss of reproductive organs resulting in inability to procreate

Those who have suffered catastrophic injuries may need wheelchairs, therapy, ongoing medical support, home modifications, and lifelong medical care. Many face significant emotional trauma in addition to their physical challenges. Life will never be the same, and thus they can no longer enjoy their lives, their work, and their relationships as they once did. They may suffer chronic pain, and lose their ability to live independently. Continue reading

Published on: March 17, 2025

Fort Myers Injury Lawyers Discuss Compensation in Florida Hit-and-Run Cases

by Leland Garvin

Fort Myers injury lawyer hit and run Hit-and-run accidents are both incredibly problematic and far too pervasive in Florida. On average, the state clocks 103,000 hit-and-run crashes annually, an incident rate that has climbed 40 percent in the last decade, according to the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV). Every year, more than 1,000 people suffer serious bodily injury in these crashes and hundreds lose their lives. Pedestrians and bicyclists tend to be disproportionately affected.

As Fort Myers injury lawyers can explain, hit-and-run crashes also pose significant hurdles for victims seeking compensation. Understanding the legal avenues that may be available in these situations is an imperative.

Factors Contributing to High Hit-and-Run Accident Rates in Florida

Florida isn’t the only state to have issues with hit-and-runs, but it consistently ranks among the highest in the country.

Some of the most common contributing factors in Fort Myers hit-and-run cases include:

At-risk drivers. Studies have shown that a disproportionate number of at-fault drivers in hit-and-run crashes are young males with prior arrests for driving under the influence. Alcohol impairment at the time of the accident is also common. (It’s also worth noting that males make up 70 percent of hit-and -run victims in single car/single pedestrian crashes.)
Socioeconomic factors. Drivers who flee accident scenes frequently operate older vehicles that are not insured. A driver whose finances are precarious may be more motivated to avoid the legal and/or financial repercussions of a crash.
Environmental conditions. Reduced visibility due to dawn, dusk, nighttime, brush fires, rain, fog, etc. — all of that can contribute to the likelihood of accidents in general, but especially hit-and-run crashes. It may also embolden some drivers to flee, believing they’re less likely to be identified.
Urban environment. Cities tend to have higher rates of hit-and-run crashes than rural areas, likely thanks to higher population density and the fact that there are more pedestrians in urban areas.

Historically, drivers in Florida may have been motivated to flee because the penalties for fleeing the scene of a crash were far less severe than a serious or fatal drunk driving crash. That has since changed, with changes to F.S. 316.027, which makes it a third-degree felony to commit a hit-and-run. If the crash involved serious injury or death, it’s elevated to a second-degree felony.

Whatever happens in the criminal case, civil claims are handled separately.

Challenges in Seeking Compensation in a Hit-and-Run Crash

Published on: March 10, 2025

Injured at Your Fort Myers Airbnb Rental? Here’s What You Need to Know.

by Leland Garvin

What happens if you’re injured at your Fort Myers Airbnb rental?

Southwest Florida is a popular destination for short-term rentals arranged on virtual platforms like Airbnb and Vrbo. Communities like Fort Myers, Cape Coral, Sanibel and Naples have always been popular tourist destinations. It’s just that Vrbo and Airbnb vacation rentals offer an alternative option for more unique experiences one may not get from a hotel. In a single recent year, Florida led the U.S. in Airbnb tax revenue, raking in nearly $390 million in 2023 — a 25 percent increase in just two years.

Most visitors depart with cherished memories. From time-to-time, however, some leave with serious injuries.

Common Florida Vacation Rental Injuries

Examples of vacation rental injuries that have led to litigation:

Slip-and-falls. Wet floors, loose rugs, broken stairs, or poor lighting can lead to serious falls.
Structural defects. Collapsing balconies, unsafe railings, and faulty staircases can lead to catastrophic injuries.
Swimming pool accidents. Many Airbnb properties in Southwest Florida feature pools, which can be a major hazard if the property owner isn’t meticulous in their maintenance. Lack of proper fencing, covers, or warning signs have led to tragedy.
Electrical and fire hazards. Faulty wiring, exposed electrical outlets, or missing smoke detectors can result in severe burns or electrocution.
Defective furniture or appliances. A broken chair, bed, or malfunctioning stove, grill, or kitchen appliance can cause unexpected injuries to Airbnb guests.
Negligent security. If the property lacked adequate security features – especially if there had been a history of complaints about security and/or criminal activity – and someone is harmed as a result, that can be grounds for a premises liability claim.

If you’re injured at your Fort Myers Airbnb, it’s important to consult with a local personal injury lawyer who is closely familiar with how Florida’s premises liability laws apply in these cases. We will explore the specific facts of your case to determine whether you have a case to file a claim for coverage of your medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. The Fort Myers injury lawyers at Garvin Injury Law can help you navigate the complex legal landscape of Airbnb injuries and advocate for the compensation you deserve.

Who Can Be Held Liable if You’re Injured at Your Fort Myers Airbnb?

Determining liability for a vacation rental injury is often complex because multiple parties may be responsible — and you may have a limited amount of time and a single shot to secure that accountability. That’s why having a solid legal strategy at the outset is imperative.

Most commonly in these cases, a South Florida personal injury lawyer is going to most carefully scrutinize the potential liability of: Continue reading

Published on: October 29, 2024

Fort Myers Injury Lawyer Warns of Florida Golf Cart Owner Liability

by Leland Garvin

Golf cart owners in Florida, listen up! You could be held legally responsible if someone is hurt in a golf cart accident involving your golf cart, even if you weren’t the one operating it. As a Fort Myers injury lawyer can explain, you have a duty as the owner of that golf cart to avoid handing over the keys to someone who is careless. That could include someone you know if they drive recklessly, has a history of drunk driving or a teenager without much driving experience; this same law applies even if the person who you loan the cart to has a good driving record and has no history of driving issues. This is especially true if the golf cart is going to be operated on a public road with cars.

Golf carts were designated as “dangerous instrumentalities” – the same as motor vehicles – in the 1984 Florida Supreme Court case of Meister v. Fisher. Because a dangerous instrumentality is deemed inherently dangerous, their owners can be found directly and/or vicariously liable when someone is hurt while operating it negligently. It doesn’t matter if the owner wasn’t the operator, so long as the operator had the owner’s permission.

That point was underscored in a recent Florida injury lawsuit that resulted in a multi-million dollar damage award.

The case in question was out of Miami-Dade County, where a 12-year-old boy suffered catastrophic and permanent injuries in a golf cart accident in 2016. A motor vehicle struck a golf cart full of minors at an intersection – but only after the golf cart operator, 16-years-old, blew past a stop sign. The golf cart flipped and the occupants – all under 18 – were ejected. Two were left in critical condition, including the plaintiff in this case.

Golf Cart Owner Ordered to Pay $50 Million for Florida Golf Cart Accident

The owner of the golf cart was the 16-year-old’s step-uncle. A trial court determined the golf cart owner authorized the teen to drive the golf cart around the neighborhood with the golf cart owner’s son and three other friends. One of those was the plaintiff.

After the accident, the boy’s parents sued both the operator of the golf cart and the owner in the case of Gonzalez v. Chiong. (The driver of the car was not negligent in this case, and therefore was not named as a defendant.)

Before trial, the driver of the golf cart/his parents entered into a consent judgement with the injured boy’s parents for $18 million. Attorneys for the golf cart driver asserted his operation of the golf cart was covered under his parents’ auto insurance policy, as it was a “non-owned auto.” The insurance company, of course, pushed back, arguing that the policy didn’t cover golf cart accidents because a golf cart “doesn’t meet the definition of a private passenger auto.” The trial court agreed with the insurer, granting them summary judgment, but that was later reversed by the 11th Judicial Circuit Court, which ruled the golf cart was covered under the auto insurance policy.

Trial proceeded against the owner of the golf cart proceeded, with plaintiffs arguing he owed the young passenger and his parents a duty of care, negligently breached that duty by entrusting the golf cart, and therefore should be liable for his injuries. The trial court sided with plaintiffs, ordering the golf cart owner to pay a total of $46 million in past and future economic and non-economic damages, and another $4 million to his parents for loss of consortium.

It’s important to note that while the court in this case found the golf cart owner directly negligent for entrusting the golf cart to his 16-year-old step-nephew, other courts have applied the dangerous instrumentality doctrine in Florida golf cart accident cases and found the golf cart owners vicariously liable. That means the court wouldn’t even need to find that the owner was negligent in handing over the keys to another. It would be sufficient to show they gave the operator permission, and that operator subsequently acted without care and caused someone else to get hurt. Continue reading

Published on: September 6, 2024

Injuries in Schools: Fort Myers Injury Lawyer Discusses Liability

by Leland Garvin

injuries in schools Fort Myers injury lawyer School is back in session in South Florida! We all are hoping for a happy, healthy, productive school year. Of course, it seems inevitable that there will be at least some injuries in schools.

If your child is injured at school, it may be possible to take legal action, but a lot of it depends on the severity of the injury and how it all went down. As a parent, you understand there are occasional playground accidents or gym class mishaps. If it’s just a bump or a scratch, there may not be much you can do about that. But if your child was seriously injured, violently assaulted or required hospitalization or surgery as a result of their injuries, you should really get a Fort Myers injury lawyer on the phone to talk through your options.

As government agencies, many schools are protected by state sovereign immunity laws. But that doesn’t mean they’re absolved of legal responsibility to keep kids safe. They can still be held accountable when they breach their duty of care and someone gets seriously hurt as a result.

Was the School Negligent?

The school district, employees and even some school contractors owe a duty to use reasonable care to make sure your child isn’t at an unreasonable risk of harm. Teachers, counselors, coaches, administrators – they must provide a safe environment and do what’s reasonably necessary to keep them safe.

If the school breaches the duty to keep your child safe and your child is injured as a result to the point of sustaining damages (financial impacts), the school may be found negligent – and thus liable to provide compensation.

It’s a good idea to talk with an experienced attorney about whether you’ve got a case before making any big decisions. Remember that injury lawyers are paid on a contingency fee basis, meaning that we offer free initial consultations and you pay nothing unless/until you win your case. So there’s no risk in reaching out to a local lawyer just to ask whether you have grounds to take further legal action.

Accountability for Injuries in School

Examples of injuries in schools that might warrant a civil claim for damages:

Accidents involving school property. Examples of dangerous school property could include rusted playground equipment, faulty gym equipment, dangerous science experiments, uneven flooring, etc.
Negligent supervision. If students aren’t reasonably supervised, they could be injured by another student, teacher or staff member. They might also just get themselves into an unsafe situation. This applies in the classroom, in specials, in the hallway, during pickup/drop-off and even on the bus. This claim can arise too when teachers or other school employees fail IEP guidelines intended to keep students safe.
Sports injuries. PE and school-sanctioned sporting events are a common source of school injury lawsuits.
Transportation accidents. School bus accidents and injuries, school bus stop injuries, chaotic pickup and drop off lines that lead to kids getting struck in the school parking lot – any of these could result in school district liability for child injuries.
Medical malpractice. It doesn’t happen often, but if the school nurse fails to follow the applicable standard of care for their professional medical position, the school may be sued for medical malpractice.
Assault, battery, bullying, etc. When incidents of violence happen on school grounds, schools may be held liable if the harm was foreseeable and they failed to stop it. Bullying typically escalates over time, giving school officials opportunities to become aware and intervene.
Sexual abuse/molestation. If a child is sexually assaulted or attacked at school or by a school employee, parents can pursue civil liability separate from and in addition to criminal charges.

Published on: August 28, 2024

Proving Proximate Cause in a Fort Myers Personal Injury Claim

by Leland Garvin

Fort Myers personal injury lawyer doctor examines broken leg In Fort Myers personal injury cases, proving proximate is key.

Causation generally is a key element in any personal injury claim. Injury cases mostly stem from allegations of negligence. To prove general negligence, we have to show the defendant owed our client a duty of care, they failed to use reasonable care, and that failure caused our client’s injuries. Causation is the crux of what connects the conduct of the defendant to the injuries of the plaintiff.

If the defense can prove something else was a greater factor in causing the plaintiff’s injuries, they’ll likely win the case – no matter how egregious their fault or how serious a plaintiff’s injuries. To prove causation, we have to show that but for the defendant’s actions, the harm would not have occurred.

Definition of Proximate Cause

So what is proximate cause?

Fort Myers personal injury lawyers use this term to assert that the defendant is legally responsible for our client’s injuries because their actions were either a substantial factor causing the harm AND/OR, the harm caused was a natural and foreseeable consequence of the defendant’s actions.

That doesn’t mean the defendant’s actions were the sole cause. Sometimes injuries have multiple causes. But the proximate cause is the one that we aim to prove when we’re pursuing a case for legal (financial) responsibility for the resulting harm. Continue reading

Published on: August 19, 2024

What’s the Cost of Hiring a Cape Coral Personal Injury Lawyer?

by Leland Garvin

It’s reasonable that anyone considering any type of service would first inquire how much it’s going to cost. Hiring a Cape Coral personal injury lawyer is no different in that regard. But it’s important to understand that there are some key differences in how, when, how much, and even if you pay a Florida injury lawyer – compared to other service providers, but even compared to lawyers in other practice areas.

Personal injury lawyers practice a type of law called “torts.” A tort is some act or failure to act that causes harm to someone else and rises to the level of a civil wrong (as opposed to criminal) for which the court can impose liability. The most common torts arise from personal injuries stemming from negligence, the failure to use reasonable care when one had a responsibility to do so. Typical tort cases are motor vehicle accidents (motorcycle accidents, car accidents, bicycle accidents, truck accidents, etc.), medical malpractice, and premises liability/dangerous property cases.

How Attorneys Determine Fees

How much a Cape Coral personal injury lawyer charges for taking on a case will depend on several factors, including:

The attorney’s experience, reputation, and ability.
The fee customarily charged in that area for similar legal services.
The time and labor required, the difficulty of the question involved, and the skill required to handle the case successfully.
The potential value of the case, and the results obtained. (Generally cases involving serious injuries, multiple insurance policies, and clear fault/injury cause are going to have a higher overall value – though this can be offset by elements like complexity, numerous injured parties, etc.)

Understanding Contingency Fees

You do not pay upfront attorney’s fees for the services of a Cape Coral personal injury lawyer. Injury lawyers typically assess the value – and viability – of your injury claim upfront for no cost. They’ll tell you if they think you can win, and whether they can help. If they agree to take you on as a client, you still don’t pay attorney’s fees upfront. Those are only paid at the end of the case, and only as a percentage of what you win. This is referred to as a contingency fee structure. Continue reading

Published on: July 16, 2024

The Risk of Rushing to Settle Your Naples Personal Injury

by Leland Garvin

Whether we’re talking about a motor vehicle accident, medical mistake, or slip-and-fall, one of the surest paths to unfair financial compensation is signing off on the insurance company’s initial settlement offer without first running it by a Naples personal injury lawyer.

This might be OK if the only losses you’ve suffered are property damage and some minor injuries. But if you were hospitalized, had bones broken, had to take off work for a while, etc., it’s important to avoid signing away your rights to pursue full and fair damages by agreeing to the first settlement offer insurers put in front of you without having a lawyer look at it.

Insurance companies commonly try to take advantage of the fact that you are in shock, traumatized, concerned about money, and don’t realize your case may be worth a lot more. If you sign off on the first settlement agreement they thrust in front of you, you could well be signing away your right to a great deal more money.

At the very least, having a Naples personal injury lawyer review it will give you peace of mind that the deal you’re inking isn’t going to be to your detriment down the road. Settling an injury case too quickly means you might not have a complete sense of the full scope of your losses – in which case a settlement can mean you’ll be losing money.

It’s not about being greedy. It’s about making sure you don’t end up paying out of your own pocket for an injury caused by someone else’s carelessness.

Most Naples Personal Injury Cases Are Resolved Via Settlement

Published on: March 13, 2024

What Factors Can Affect Damages in Fort Myers Personal Injury Cases?

by Leland Garvin

One of the first questions a lot of people ask when they’re first considering filing a Fort Myers personal injury lawsuit is, “What is my case worth?”

In legal terms, we would phrase “the amount owed” as “damages.”

To answer this question, your Fort Myers personal injury lawyer would certainly start by examining the type of injury, who was at fault, how much you’ve racked up in medical bills, and the wages you’ve lost while you’ve had to take off work to recover. Determining the full scope of damages can quickly get complicated.

That’s partially because not every loss is tangible. You may be entitled to compensation for your physical pain and suffering or even for the emotional anguish you went through as a result of the incident. Those things aren’t easily measurable in dollars and cents (even if that’s how they’re ultimately paid).

Other factors that must be considered:

The type and severity of injury.

Minor injuries shouldn’t be dismissed, of course. But the reality is that unless your injury landed you in the hospital, resulted in a permanent injury, significant loss of function, permanent scarring, and/or forced time away from work, it’s unlikely to result in a significant settlement without the hiring of a skilled personal injury attorney.

If you are in a car accident in Florida, you actually can’t step outside the no-fault system to pursue damages against the at-fault driver unless the extent of your injuries meets or exceeds the serious injury threshold, as outlined in F.S. 627.737. This requires evidence that your injury consisted of a significant and permanent loss of an important bodily function, significant and permanent scarring or disfigurement, permanent injury within a reasonable degree of medical probability, or death.

However, this same rule won’t apply to motorcycle injury victims because they do not carry the no-fault personal injury protection (PIP) insurance. So again, the type of injury can impact how your case proceeds and how much it’s worth.

It’s also worth pointing out that certain types of cases may be more difficult/complicated to successfully pursue. For instance, a case of medical malpractice or product liability is going to require more resources, expertise, expert witnesses, attorney time, etc. They may also yield higher damage awards as there will likely be more recoverable assets/insurance coverage, but all of this will be weighed in determining the value of a case. Continue reading

Published on: February 20, 2024

Florida Brain Injury Lawyer Breaks Down Brain Injury Lawsuit Deadlines

by Leland Garvin

Doctor reviews brain scans of a patient represented by South Florida brain injury lawyer A traumatic brain injury can make it seem as if time is literally standing still. Many of the 2.5 million people diagnosed with a TBI in the U.S. each year describe a sense of “depersonalization” or “derealization” that disrupts their sense of time – along with their memory, balance, sleep cycles, mood patterns, brain function, and more. Unfortunately, as a Florida brain injury lawyer can explain, that doesn’t always mean you’ll have more time to file a civil negligence claim for damages related to that injury.

Traumatic brain injury or “TBI” is a contributing factor in an estimated one-third of all injury-related deaths in the U.S. A 2012 study published in the Journal of Safety Research revealed the cost to society for care and lost productivity due to brain trauma is enormous: $76 billion annually. Not all TBI sufferers are permanently impacted, but the National Institutes of Health report an estimated 5.2 million people in this country are disabled due to their TBI.

Although we don’t know exactly how many TBI injuries are caused by another’s negligence, we do know a fair number of Florida litigants include TBI claims. A longitudinal study published in the journal Frontiers in Neurology found that approximately 40 percent of TBI victims in one city had filed a personal injury lawsuit related to their claim.

A Florida brain injury lawyer can also tell you that many of the most common types of actionable injury claims involve head trauma: Car accidents, motorcycle accidents, bicycle accidents, pedestrian accidents, slip-and-falls, hotel and resort injuries, golf cart injuries, construction accidents, nursing home falls, medical malpractice claims, criminal assaults on business property, etc. Depending on how serious your injuries were and whether someone else was at-fault for what happened, it may be possible to take legal action against at-fault parties in civil court to recover damages for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more.

Factors That Impact How Long You Have to File Your Florida Brain Injury Lawsuit